Quiz #24: Echo: Identify the vessel

Subcostal saggital view from a newborn with multiple congenital heart defects.

Questions:

1)      Name the vessel shown by the arrow.

2)      What defect would you suspect from this observation?

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Quiz #23: Shunt Calculation

Hypothetical case: 32 year old male with VSD and Eisenmenger syndrome. Necessary data are given.

Questions:

1)      What is the overall Qp/Qs?

2)      Calculate the effective pulmonary blood flow (Qep).

3)      Calculate the amount of right to left shunt.

4)      Calculate the amount of left to right shunting.

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Quiz #22: ICU monitor interpretation

5 month old baby. Postoperative day 1 after closure of membranous VSD. Panel 1 and Panel 2 were recorded few minutes apart.

Questions:

1)      What is the arrhythmia in Panel 1?

2)      What type of pacing is done in Panel 2?

3)      Describe the important difference between the CVP waveform in Panel 1 and Panel 2. What is the reason for the difference?

4)      Comment about AV conduction in Panel 2.

5)   Why does arterial line trace have a “flat top”? How will you rectify this issue?

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Quiz #21: EKG

EKG (15-leads and Rhythm strip) is provided from a 11-yr old girl. Referred for sports clearance and family history of heart disease (Grand parents developed coronary artery disease in their 60s). Physical exam is normal.

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