A newborn (weight 3 kg, length 50 cm) has aortic valve annulus of 6.0 mm. One published report states the following normal values for aortic valve annulus in newborns of same body size: Mean 7.3 mm & Range of 6.38 mm – 8.22 mm (Range is reported as 2 standard deviations from the mean). Question 1: What is the Z-score of our patient with 6.0 mm diameter?
Bonus Question: Please provide the steps of deriving the Z-score.
The two snap shots were taken 1 minute apart from a postoperative patient. What is the difference between the CVP traces in each of the panels? (Top panel - Clock time is 13:44 Hrs and Bottom panel - Clock time is 13:45 Hrs). Click on the image to enlarge.